Economic assessment of production of flour from Prosopis alba and P. pallida pods for human food applications.     

Peter Felker  Nora Grados  Gaston Cruz  Dante Prokopiuk 《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,53(4):517-528

This paper presents a detailed cost accounting of the processes involved in the production of flours from the mesocarps of the fruits of Prosopis alba and P. pallida to be used in human foods. The flours from both species are similar and contain 7–8% protein, 0·8–2% fat, 26–32% total dietary fiber and 48–59% sucrose. The data were based on actual production rates in use at the Universidad de Piura pilot plant using simple machinery. Machinery hourly charges were based on equivalent rental costs in order to avoid interest charge calculations. As opposed to other analyses which only included processing costs delivered to the plant, our analysis ascribed value to the owner of the trees in order to provide incentives to plant and care for the trees. The sensitivity analyses showed that the most economically important factor was the conversion efficiency of pods into flour. When a 40% conversion efficiency, such as that which has been obtained in both Peru and Argentina was obtained, and by-product credits for high fiber containing fraction were assumed, the wholesale selling price with a 5% marketing cost and a 40% profit direct costs was estimated to be $0·66 kg⁻¹ for Peru (using a $0·40 h⁻¹ labor rate ) and $1·76 kg⁻¹ for Argentina (using a $1·5 h⁻¹ labor rate).  相似文献   

古代生物分子在第四纪研究中的应用   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

赖旭龙  杨洪 《第四纪研究》2003,23(5):457-470

从第四纪化石和沉积物中获得的古代生物分子为第四纪研究者提供了丰富和独特的有关古代生物、遗传和古环境信息的定量和高分辨率的数据.过去10多年的研究证实来自第四纪材料中的各种古代生物分子的分离、鉴定和应用的能力在不断增加.文章总结了古代生物分子在第四纪研究中的最新进展,主要包括以下几个方面的内容:1)不同类型的古代生物分子在地质体中的保存和降解;2)古DNA和古蛋白序列中的生物遗传学信息;3)单体分子同位素与第四纪古环境和古气候研究;4)建于古代生物分子水平上的第四纪年代学.作者预见对第四纪地层中的原位和分散保存的古代生物分子的研究将在广度上以多分子综合研究而深度上与单体分子同位素技术相结合,为第四纪科学家们提供大量解决地质学和演化生物学问题的高精度数据.随着地球化学和分子生物学技术的不断改进以及人们对古代生物分子的降解过程和机制的进一步理解,对古代生物分子的研究无疑将进一步促进和推动第四纪科学研究的发展.  相似文献   

玉米淀粉废水回收及处理研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张凤君  王爽  赵芝清  杜祥君  徐辉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,(Z1)

采用调节等电位点—超过滤组合技术对玉米淀粉废水的资源回收和处理进行研究,确定了最佳工艺参数。结果表明通过调节等电位点,可回收粗蛋白用作家禽饲料,同时废水中的CODcr、TSS和BOD5去除率分别可达48.8%、49.6%和27.2%以上,减轻了后续超过滤处理压力;通过超过滤进一步处理,出水COD、TSS和BOD去除率分别达91.3%、92.5%和95.1%。  相似文献   

苯并[a]芘(BaP)对褐菖鲉(Sebasticus marmoratus)肝CYP1A1酶活性、基因表达及蛋白表达的影响     

孙文静  王晓艳  祁鹏志  张建设  吴常文 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(4):897-903

为了了解苯并[a]芘(BaP)对鱼类细胞色素P4501A1(CYP1A1)表达的影响,以褐菖鲉(Sebasticus marmoratus)为实验材料,采用体内实验,研究其在经过不同浓度(0.1、1、10、20、50mg/kg鱼体重量)的BaP诱导后,鱼体肝脏研究CYP1A1基因表达的情况,筛选出后续时间-效应实验中BaP注射的最佳浓度,研究BaP诱导6h、12h、1d、3d、7d后(质量浓度为20mg/kg鱼体重量)鱼体肝脏CYP1A1酶活性、基因表达和蛋白表达的情况。结果表明:剂量-效应实验中,20mg/kg鱼体重量为最佳浓度,此浓度下,基因表达在各组中变化最显著。时间-效应实验中,较空白对照组而言,染毒6h、12h和1d后,EROD酶活性显著增加。3d后开始下降,与对照组相比变化不大,7d后酶活性又发生上调。半定量RT-PCR结果表明,各染毒组与对照组相比,CYP1A1基因表达量都发生了上调,呈现先上升后下降的趋势。其中,6h和12h组相对表达量极显著增加,1d后开始下降且与3d和7d组相比变化不明显。Western blot结果表明,蛋白表达量在染毒12h后表现出显著的诱导效应,随着时间的延长略有回落,但与对照组相比仍有显著性差异。研究表明:BaP对褐菖鲉CYP1A1具有较强的诱导作用。一定质量浓度的BaP注射于褐菖鲉不同的时间后,能诱导褐菖鲉活体EROD酶活性、CYP1A1基因m RNA表达及蛋白表达,并随着时间的延长呈现先诱导后抑制的趋势。这说明BaP作为诱导剂对CYP1A1酶活性和蛋白表达的作用机制可能与调控CYP1A1的转录水平有关。  相似文献   

Cu2+对序批式反应器中活性污泥胞外聚合物产量及其组分的影响     

李姗姗  朱四富  马丙瑞  于娜玲  赵长坤  信帅帅  潘云浩  吴淑妍  武原原  高孟春 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(2):107-115

研究了长期暴露条件下Cu2+对序批式反应器(SBR)性能及其活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)特性的影响。结果表明,进水中加入10 mg·L-1的Cu2+后,在SBR运行的第16~55天,COD和NH+4-N的去除率保持稳定;在第56~75天,COD和NH+4-N的平均去除率与进水Cu2+浓度为0 mg·L-1时相比分别下降了3.88%和6.41%。浓度为10 mg·L-1的Cu2+长期作用下,活性污泥中EPS、松散附着EPS(LB-EPS)和紧密附着EPS(TB-EPS)产量及LB-EPS和TB-EPS中蛋白质(PN)含量增加。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明10 mg·L-1 Cu2+的长期暴露导致TB-EPS中PN的C=O键、N-H键和C-O键相对含量降低。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果显示在10 mg·L-1 Cu2+长期暴露条件下,LB-EPS和TB-EPS中元素Cu和O百分含量增加。  相似文献   

Hydrophobic and electrostatic parameters in bacterial adhesion   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht  Willem Norde  Johannes Lyklema  Alexander J. B. Zehnder 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1990,52(1):103-114

Recently it has been shown that the initial stages of bacterial adhesion to a model-surface of sulphated polystyrene can best be described using hydrophobic and electrostatic parameters. In the present study it is tested whether these parameters can generally be applied to predict bacterial adhesion by using (i) glass, as a model for hydrophilic and natural surfaces of silicates and oxides, (ii) polystyrene coated with proteins, as a model for a surface coated with an organic layer, and (iii) river Rhine sediment, as an example of a natural surface. Adhesion to glass was dominated by electrostatic interaction, whereas adhesion to polystyrene coated with various types of proteins depended on the surface characteristics of the bacteria and the type of protein. By relating Van der Waals interactions to hydrophobicity of the interacting species, the adhesion of bacteria to the various surfaces including the river Rhine sediments could be interpreted in terms of the DLVO-theory. It is therefore concluded that the conceptual principles of the DLVO-theory (interplay of Van der Waals and electrostatic interactions) are suitable to describe, at least qualitatively, the initial processes of bacterial adhesion to a wide range of surfaces.  相似文献   

Expression of putative zinc-finger protein lcn61 gene in lymphocystis disease virus China （LCDV-cn） genome   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫秀英  孙修勤 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(2):337-341

An open reading frame (lcn61) of lymphocystis disease virus China (LCDV-cn), probably responsible for encoding putative zinc-finger proteins was amplified and inserted into pET24a (+) vector. Then it expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and His-tag fusion protein of high yield was obtained. It was found that the fusion protein existed in E. coli mainly as inclusion bodies. The bioinformatics analysis indicates that LCN61 is C2H2 type zinc-finger protein containing four C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. This work provides a theory for functional research of lcn61 gene. Supported by High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA100309)  相似文献   

黄斑篮子鱼去毒相关基因的克隆与肝脏组成型表达分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王琳  梁旭方  林群  李光照  胡永乐 《热带海洋学报》2009,28(6):79-87

从基因水平探讨海洋鱼类对海洋藻毒素的去毒分子机理。采用RT-PCR法成功克隆了黄斑篮子鱼Siganus oramin肝脏I时相代谢酶细胞色素P450 1A(CYP1A)、II时相代谢酶alpha型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTA)和rho型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTR)、热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)、alpha 1型钠钾ATP酶(ATP1A1)及β-肌动蛋白(beta-actin, ACT)基因cDNA核心序列，序列分别长879 bp、582 bp、588 bp、660 bp、749 bp和554 bp。序列同源性分析发现，属鲈形目的黄斑篮子鱼CYP1A、GSTA和GSTR与同属鲈形目的牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus、欧洲鲽Pleuronectes platessa、真鲷Pagrus major、鲤形目的斑马鱼Brachydanio rerio 相应氨基酸序列同源性较高，CYP1A和GSTA与非洲爪蟾(两栖类)、鸡(鸟类)、小鼠、大鼠和人(哺乳类)相应氨基酸序列同源性低，这可能与鱼类I、II时相去毒酶基因承担水环境毒素去毒代谢的特殊功能有关；而HSP70、ATP1A和β-肌动蛋白在鱼类、两栖类、鸟类、哺乳类中均有较高的同源性，这可能与这些基因在机体中承担的最基本的生命功能相关。应用半定量RT-PCR的方法，以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照，在指数期增长范围内分别得到了CYP1A、GSTA、GSTR、HSP70和ATP1A1 mRNA与β-肌动蛋白mRNA (%)的比值，确定黄斑篮子鱼肝脏去毒相关基因的组成型表达水平。其中，黄斑篮子鱼肝脏CYP1A、GSTA和GSTR基因组成型表达相对较高，HSP70和ATP1A1基因组成型表达相对较低，这可能与不同基因在黄斑篮子鱼海洋藻毒素去毒分子机理中承担的作用相关，为海洋藻毒素在海洋鱼类中的积聚及代谢去毒分子机制的研究提供了相关数据。  相似文献   

大豆蛋白废水处理中泡沫分离过程的数学模型     

杨向平  刘元东  席作家  翟绪丽 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(1):111-115

假设吸附过程始终处于平衡态、气泡大小均一以及每一个气泡均为正十二面体,构建了泡沫分离过程的数学模型.模拟了液池中蛋白质在气液界面上的吸附过程和泡沫层中气泡的失水过程,得出了富集比的表达式,可用于分离效果的预测.经验证,模型与实验条件下的泡沫分离过程基本符合.  相似文献   

Similarity of electrophoretic dissolved protein spectra from coastal to pelagic seawaters     

Namiha Yamada  Eiichiro Tanoue 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(2):223-233

Dissolved proteins in seawater samples collected from a coastal area of Tokyo Bay, Sagami Bay and a location off the Kuroshio Current were investigated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Four to nine protein bands were detected in SDS-PAGE in the apparent molecular weight (MW) range from 12 kilo Dalton (kDa) to 49 kDa. The 2-DE technique distinguished 10 to 46 protein spots exhibiting isoelectric point (pI)/MW ranging 4.3–9.2/12–63 kDa. The elecrophoretic patterns were similar between the coastal and pelagic samples, as well as previously reported patterns from various pelagic areas. The close similarity of electrophoretic mobility on both SDS-PAGE and 2-DE gels indicates the compositional homogeneity of dissolved proteins in seawater throughout a broad range of marine environments. Proteinaceous dissolved organic matter (DOM) that was unresolved and smeared staining characteristics on both SDS-PAGE and 2-DE gels was first observed in Tokyo Bay waters in the present study and its possible sources are discussed. Although the two protein species, 48 kDa and 39 kDa proteins, have been identified as homologues of Porin P and low molecular weight-alkaline phosphatase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, respectively, four strains of P. aeruginosa and two species of Pseudomonas spp. have been newly identified as the source organisms of these proteins using the N-terminal amino acid sequence data determined in previous studies.  相似文献